breast cancer

CMF

Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil

CMF is an older breast cancer regimen still used in some settings. Less intense than AC-T but still effective for certain patients.

28 days

Cycle length

6 cycles

Typical course

5

Side effects tracked

Common Side Effects

Nausea

days 1–4

Mild

Tip: Generally more manageable than AC regimens. Anti-nausea medications usually provide good control.

Fatigue

throughout treatment

Mild

Tip: Less severe than many modern regimens. Many patients maintain near-normal activity.

Mouth sores

days 5–14 (methotrexate)

Moderate

Tip: Rinse with salt water or prescribed mouthwash. Leucovorin (given after methotrexate) helps protect against severe sores.

Bladder irritation

days 1–3 (cyclophosphamide)

Mild

Tip: Drink plenty of water the day of and after cyclophosphamide. Take it in the morning so you can hydrate throughout the day.

Hair thinning

weeks 3–4 of treatment

Mild

Tip: Hair thinning (not usually complete loss) is common. Hair returns to normal after treatment.

Critical Days in the Cycle

10

Day 10Nadir

Watch for

  • Fever
  • Signs of infection

When to call:

Fever ≥100.4°F — go to the ER immediately, do not wait for a callback.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CMF easier than other breast cancer regimens?

Generally yes — CMF has a milder side effect profile than AC or AC-T, particularly for nausea and hair loss. It is often chosen for patients who are older, have other health conditions, or when the benefit of more intensive treatment doesn't outweigh the risks.

When should I call the oncology team?

For fever ≥100.4°F during nadir — go to the ER immediately, do not wait for a callback. Call the team for: severe mouth sores making eating impossible, blood in urine (bladder irritation from cyclophosphamide), or any unexpected symptoms.

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